/*
 *                         OpenSplice DDS
 *
 *   This software and documentation are Copyright 2006 to TO_YEAR PrismTech
 *   Limited, its affiliated companies and licensors. All rights reserved.
 *
 *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *   limitations under the License.
 *
 */
#include <stddef.h>
#include "os_stdlib.h"
#include "os_report.h"
#include "os_abstract.h"
#include "os_atomics.h"
#include "ut_avl.h"
#include "c_mmbase.h"
#include "c__mmbase.h"
#include "c__scope.h"
#include "c_sync.h"
#include "c__base.h"
#include "c_metafactory.h"
#include "c_querybase.h"
#include "c__querybase.h"
#include "c__collection.h"
#include "c__field.h"
#include "c__metabase.h"
#include "q__parser.h"
#include "c_module.h"

/* If set the meta descriptions c_union, c_interface and c_structure will
 * have an additional blob attribute.
 */

#define TYPE_REFC_COUNTS_OBJECTS 0
#define CONFIDENCE (0x504F5448)

#define REFCOUNT_MASK             0xffffffu
#define REFCOUNT_FLAG_ATOMIC     0x1000000u
#define REFCOUNT_FLAG_TRACE      0x2000000u
#define REFCOUNT_FLAG_TRACETYPE  0x4000000u

#define c_oid(o)    ((c_object)(C_ADDRESS(o) + HEADERSIZE))
#define c_header(o) ((c_header)(C_ADDRESS(o) - HEADERSIZE))
#define c_arrayHeader(o) ((c_arrayHeader)(C_ADDRESS(o) - ARRAYHEADERSIZE))

#define MIN_DB_SIZE     (150000)
#define MAXREFCOUNT     (50000)
#define MEMSIZE(size)   ((size)+HEADERSIZE)
#define ARRAYMEMSIZE(size)   ((size)+ARRAYHEADERSIZE)

#define ResolveType(s,t) c_type(c_metaResolve(c_metaObject(s),#t))

#define CHECK_REF (0)

#if CHECK_REF
#include "ut_trace.h" /* enable specific trace function (basic or extended) inside this header file */
/* default "v_message<kernelModule::v_topicInfo>" */
#define CHECK_REF_TYPE "v_message<kernelModule::v_topicInfo>"
#define CHECK_REF_TYPE_LEN (strlen(CHECK_REF_TYPE))
#define CHECK_REF_DEPTH (64)
#endif

#define ACTUALTYPE(_t,_type) \
        _t = _type; \
        while (c_baseObject(_t)->kind == M_TYPEDEF) { \
            _t = c_typeDef(_t)->alias; \
        };

C_CLASS(c_baseBinding);
C_CLASS(c_header);

C_STRUCT(c_header) {
#ifndef NDEBUG
    c_ulong confidence;
#ifdef OBJECT_WALK
    c_object nextObject;
    c_object prevObject;
#endif
#endif
    pa_uint32_t refCount;
    c_type type;
};

C_CLASS(c_arrayHeader);
/* The inheritance macro C_EXTEND is put at the end of the struct.
 * This is required since we must extend on the lower part of the memory.
 * Note that this requires a different approach for cast operations.
 */
C_STRUCT(c_arrayHeader) {
    c_ulonglong size;
    C_EXTENDS(c_header);
};

static const c_ulong HEADERSIZE = C_MAXALIGNSIZE(C_SIZEOF(c_header));
static const c_ulong ARRAYHEADERSIZE = C_MAXALIGNSIZE(C_SIZEOF(c_arrayHeader));

static const ut_avlTreedef_t c_base_bindings_td =
  UT_AVL_TREEDEF_INITIALIZER_INDKEY (offsetof (C_STRUCT(c_baseBinding), avlnode),
                                     offsetof (C_STRUCT(c_baseBinding), name),
                                     strcmp, 0);

static c_string
c__stringMalloc(
    c_base base,
    c_size length,
    c_bool check)
{
    c_header header;
    c_string s = NULL;

    assert(base);
    assert(length > 0);

    if (check) {
        header = (c_header)c_mmMallocThreshold(c_baseMM(base), MEMSIZE(length));
    } else {
        header = (c_header)c_mmMalloc(c_baseMM(base), MEMSIZE(length));
        if (!header) {
            abort();
        }
    }
    if (header) {
#if TYPE_REFC_COUNTS_OBJECTS
        header->type = c_keep(base->string_type);
#else
        header->type = base->string_type;
#endif
        if (base->maintainObjectCount) {
            pa_inc32(&base->string_type->objectCount);
        }
        pa_st32(&header->refCount, 1 | REFCOUNT_FLAG_ATOMIC);
        s = (c_string)c_oid(header);
        s[0] = '\0'; /* c_stringNew/Malloc always return a null-terminated string */
#ifndef NDEBUG
        header->confidence = CONFIDENCE;
#ifdef OBJECT_WALK
        header->nextObject = NULL;
        c_header(base->lastObject)->nextObject = s;
        header->prevObject = base->lastObject;
        assert(base->firstObject != NULL);
        base->lastObject = s;
#endif
#endif
    }
    return s;
}

c_string
c_stringMalloc(
    c_base base,
    c_size length)
{
    assert(base);
    assert(length > 0);

    if (length == 1){
        /* Empty strings are interned. The only valid string with length 1 is the
         * 'empty' string, so in this case return a reference to the intern. This
         * saves precious resources in case of big amounts of empty strings, since
         * each empty string does not only contain the '\0' terminator but also
         * 36-40 bytes of header information. */
        assert(base->emptyString[0] == '\0');
        return c_keep(base->emptyString);
    }

    return c__stringMalloc(base, length, FALSE);
}

c_string
c_stringMalloc_s(
    c_base base,
    c_size length)
{
    assert(base);
    assert(length > 0);

    if (length == 1){
        /* Empty strings are interned. The only valid string with length 1 is the
         * 'empty' string, so in this case return a reference to the intern. This
         * saves precious resources in case of big amounts of empty strings, since
         * each empty string does not only contain the '\0' terminator but also
         * 36-40 bytes of header information. */
        assert(base->emptyString[0] == '\0');
        return c_keep(base->emptyString);
    }

    return c__stringMalloc(base, length, TRUE);
}

static c_wstring
c__wstringMalloc(
    c_base base,
    c_size length,
    c_bool check)
{
    c_header header;
    c_wstring s = NULL;

    assert(base);
    assert(length > 0);

    if (check) {
        header = (c_header)c_mmMallocThreshold(c_baseMM(base), MEMSIZE(length*sizeof(c_wchar)));
    } else {
        header = (c_header)c_mmMalloc(c_baseMM(base), MEMSIZE(length*sizeof(c_wchar)));
    }
    if (header) {
        c_type wstring_t = c_wstring_t(base);
#if TYPE_REFC_COUNTS_OBJECTS
        header->type = c_keep(wstring_t);
#else
        header->type = wstring_t;
#endif
        if (base->maintainObjectCount) {
            pa_inc32(&wstring_t->objectCount);
        }
        pa_st32(&header->refCount, 1 | REFCOUNT_FLAG_ATOMIC);
        s = (c_wstring)c_oid(header);
        s[0] = 0; /* c_wstringNew/Malloc always return a nul-terminated string */
#ifndef NDEBUG
        header->confidence = CONFIDENCE;
#ifdef OBJECT_WALK
        header->nextObject = NULL;
        c_header(base->lastObject)->nextObject = s;
        header->prevObject = base->lastObject;
        assert(base->firstObject != NULL);
        base->lastObject = s;
#endif
#endif
    }
    return s;
}

c_wstring
c_wstringMalloc(
    c_base base,
    c_size length)
{
    assert(base);
    assert(length > 0);

    if (length == 1){
        /* Empty wstrings are interned. The only valid string with length 1 is the
         * 'empty' string, so in this case return a reference to the intern. This
         * saves precious resources in case of big amounts of empty strings, since
         * each empty string does not only contain the '\0' terminator but also
         * 36-40 bytes of header information. */
        assert(base->emptyWstring[0] == 0);
        return c_keep(base->emptyWstring);
    }

    return c__wstringMalloc(base, length, FALSE);
}


c_wstring
c_wstringMalloc_s(
    c_base base,
    c_size length)
{
    assert(base);
    assert(length > 0);

    if (length == 1){
        /* Empty wstrings are interned. The only valid string with length 1 is the
         * 'empty' string, so in this case return a reference to the intern. This
         * saves precious resources in case of big amounts of empty strings, since
         * each empty string does not only contain the '\0' terminator but also
         * 36-40 bytes of header information. */
        assert(base->emptyWstring[0] == 0);
        return c_keep(base->emptyWstring);
    }

    return c__wstringMalloc(base, length, TRUE);
}


c_string
c_stringNew(
    c_base base,
    const c_char *str)
{
    c_string s;
    size_t len;

    assert(base);

    if (str == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    len = strlen(str) + 1;
    if((s = c_stringMalloc(base, len)) != NULL && len > 1){
        /* str is nul-terminated (since we could determine len), so memcpy str
         * including the nul-terminator. */
        memcpy(s, str, len);
    }

    /* c_wstringNew/Malloc always return a nul-terminated string */
    assert(!s || s[len - 1] == '\0');
    return s;
}

c_string
c_stringNew_s(
    c_base base,
    const c_char *str)
{
    c_string s;
     size_t len;

     assert(base);

     if (str == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }

     len = strlen(str) + 1;
     if((s = c_stringMalloc_s(base, len)) != NULL && len > 1){
         /* str is nul-terminated (since we could determine len), so memcpy str
          * including the nul-terminator. */
         memcpy(s, str, len);
     }

     /* c_wstringNew/Malloc always return a nul-terminated string */
     assert(!s || s[len - 1] == '\0');
     return s;
}


/* The following Macro and subsequent instances implements the
 * following type caches in c_base and getter methods.
 *
 * c_octet_t(c_base _this)
 * c_char_t(c_base _this)
 * c_short_t(c_base _this)
 * c_long_t(c_base _this)
 * c_longlong_t(c_base _this)
 * c_uchar_t(c_base _this)
 * c_ushort_t(c_base _this)
 * c_ulong_t(c_base _this)
 * c_ulonglong_t(c_base _this)
 * c_float_t(c_base _this)
 * c_double_t(c_base _this)
 * c_string_t(c_base _this)
 * c_wchar_t(c_base _this)
 * c_wstring_t(c_base _this)
 * c_type_t(c_base _this)
 * c_valueKind_t(c_base _this)
  */

_TYPE_CACHE_(c_object)
_TYPE_CACHE_(c_voidp)
_TYPE_CACHE_(c_bool)
_TYPE_CACHE_(c_address)
_TYPE_CACHE_(c_octet)
_TYPE_CACHE_(c_char)
_TYPE_CACHE_(c_short)
_TYPE_CACHE_(c_long)
_TYPE_CACHE_(c_longlong)
_TYPE_CACHE_(c_uchar)
_TYPE_CACHE_(c_ushort)
_TYPE_CACHE_(c_ulong)
_TYPE_CACHE_(c_ulonglong)
_TYPE_CACHE_(c_float)
_TYPE_CACHE_(c_double)
_TYPE_CACHE_(c_string)
_TYPE_CACHE_(c_wchar)
_TYPE_CACHE_(c_wstring)
_TYPE_CACHE_(c_type)
_TYPE_CACHE_(c_valueKind)
_TYPE_CACHE_(pa_uint32_t)
_TYPE_CACHE_(pa_uintptr_t)
_TYPE_CACHE_(pa_voidp_t)

c_type
c_getMetaType(
    c_base base,
    c_metaKind kind)
{
    return base->metaType[kind];
}

static void
initInterface(
    c_object o)
{
    /* The vast majority of classes that get defined during initialisation have the scope already
       allocated by c_metaDefine, but not all of them. */
    if(c_interface(o)->scope == NULL) {
        c_interface(o)->scope = (c_scope)c_scopeNew(c__getBase(o));
    }
    c_interface(o)->abstract = FALSE;
    c_interface(o)->inherits = NULL;
    c_interface(o)->references = NULL;
}

static c_object
initClass(
    c_object o,
    c_type baseClass)
{
    initInterface(o);
    c_class(o)->extends = c_class(baseClass);
    c_class(o)->keys = NULL;
    return o;
}

static c_object
initAnnotation(
    c_object o)
{
    initInterface(o);
    return o;
}

static c_type
c_newMetaClass(
    c_base base,
    const c_char *name,
    size_t size,
    size_t alignment)
{
    c_metaObject o,found;

    assert(base != NULL);
    assert(name != NULL);
    assert(base->metaType[M_CLASS] != NULL);

    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_CLASS);
    c_metaTypeInit(o,size,alignment);
    found = c_metaBind(c_metaObject(base),name,o);
    if (found != o) {
        OS_REPORT(OS_ERROR,"c_newMetaClass failed",0,"%s already defined",name);
        assert(FALSE);
    }
    c_free(o);
    return c_type(found);
}

static void
c_queryCacheInit (C_STRUCT(c_queryCache) *queryCache)
{
    queryCache->c_qConst_t = NULL;
    queryCache->c_qType_t = NULL;
    queryCache->c_qVar_t = NULL;
    queryCache->c_qField_t = NULL;
    queryCache->c_qFunc_t = NULL;
    queryCache->c_qPred_t = NULL;
    queryCache->c_qKey_t = NULL;
    queryCache->c_qRange_t = NULL;
    queryCache->c_qExpr_t = NULL;
}

static void
c_fieldCacheInit (C_STRUCT(c_fieldCache) *fieldCache)
{
    fieldCache->c_field_t = NULL;
    fieldCache->c_fieldPath_t = NULL;
    fieldCache->c_fieldRefs_t = NULL;
}

static void
c_typeCacheInit (C_STRUCT(c_typeCache) *typeCache)
{
    typeCache->c_object_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_voidp_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_bool_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_address_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_octet_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_char_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_short_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_long_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_longlong_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_uchar_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_ushort_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_ulong_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_ulonglong_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_float_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_double_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_string_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_wchar_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_wstring_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_type_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_valueKind_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_member_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_literal_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_constant_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_unionCase_t = NULL;
    typeCache->c_property_t = NULL;
    typeCache->pa_uint32_t_t = NULL;
    typeCache->pa_uintptr_t_t = NULL;
    typeCache->pa_voidp_t_t = NULL;
}

void
c_baseSetMaintainObjectCount (
    c_base base,
    c_bool enable)
{
    /* Not bothering with locking here, so it is undefined when
       exactly other threads take note (but they will eventually) */
    base->maintainObjectCount = enable;
}

void
c_baseSetY2038Ready (
    c_base base,
    c_bool enable)
{
    /* Not bothering with locking here, so it is undefined when
       exactly other threads take note (but they will eventually) */
    base->y2038Ready = enable;
}

c_bool
c_baseGetY2038Ready (
    c_base base)
{
    return base->y2038Ready;
}

os_scopeAttr
c_baseGetScopeAttr(
    c_base base)
{
    /* Use shared mutexes only when this base
     * is within shared memory. */
    if (c_mmMode(base->mm) == MM_SHARED) {
        return OS_SCOPE_SHARED;
    } else {
        return OS_SCOPE_PRIVATE;
    }
}

static void
c_baseInit (
    c_base base,
    c_mm mm)
{
    c_type type,scopeType;
    c_header header;
    c_metaObject o,found,_intern,temp;
    c_array members;
    c_iter labels;
    size_t size;
    c_ulong caseNumber;

    /* A c_base inherits as follows:
     *
     * c_baseObject <- c_metaObject <- c_module <- c_base
     *
     * All fields are initialised where possible before the bootstrap. */

    /* First, attach mm to base. */
    base->mm = mm;
    base->maintainObjectCount = FALSE;
    base->y2038Ready = FALSE;

    /* c_baseObject init */
    c_baseObject(base)->kind = M_MODULE;

    /* c_metaObject init */
    c_metaObject(base)->definedIn = NULL;
    c_metaObject(base)->name = NULL;

    /* c_module init */
    c_mutexInit(base, &((c_module)base)->mtx);
    /* scope is initialized when scope-type is bootstrapped */

    /* c_base init */
    base->confidence = CONFIDENCE;
    ut_avlInit (&c_base_bindings_td, &base->bindings);
    c_mutexInit(base, &base->bindLock);
    c_mutexInit(base, &base->serLock);

    /* metaType[M_COUNT], string_type and emptyString are initialized when types
     * are available. */

    /* c_base init */
    c_queryCacheInit (&base->baseCache.queryCache);
    c_fieldCacheInit (&base->baseCache.fieldCache);
    c_typeCacheInit (&base->baseCache.typeCache);

#ifndef NDEBUG
#ifdef OBJECT_WALK
    base->firstObject = base;
    base->lastObject = base;
#endif
#endif

/** Declare class type.
    this is required because all meta meta objects are defined as class. **/
    size = MEMSIZE(C_SIZEOF(c_class));
    header = (c_header)c_mmMalloc(base->mm,size);
    if (!header) {
    return;
    }
    memset(header,0,size);
    pa_st32(&header->refCount, 1);
    header->type = NULL;
#ifndef NDEBUG
    header->confidence = CONFIDENCE;
#endif
    o = c_metaObject(c_oid(header));
#ifndef NDEBUG
#ifdef OBJECT_WALK
    header->nextObject = NULL;
    c_header(base->lastObject)->nextObject = o;
    header->prevObject = base->lastObject;
    assert(base->firstObject != NULL);
    base->lastObject = o;
#endif
#endif
    c_type(o)->base = base;
    c_baseObject(o)->kind = M_CLASS;
    c_type (o)->alignment = C_ALIGNMENT_C_STRUCT (c_class);
    c_type(o)->size = C_SIZEOF(c_class);
    base->metaType[M_CLASS] = c_type(o);
    header->type = (c_type) o;
    c_keep(o);

    o = c_metaObject(c_new(base->metaType[M_CLASS]));
    c_baseObject(o)->kind = M_CLASS;
    C_META_TYPEINIT_(o,c_collectionType);
    base->metaType[M_COLLECTION] = c_type(o);

/** Declare scope class type.
    this is required because all meta meta objects are managed in the base scope. **/

    scopeType = c_type(c_new(base->metaType[M_COLLECTION]));
    c_baseObject(scopeType)->kind = M_COLLECTION;
    c_collectionType(scopeType)->kind = OSPL_C_SCOPE;
    c_collectionType(scopeType)->maxSize = 0;
    C_META_TYPEINIT_(scopeType,c_scope);

/** Declare base class type and initialize the base scope.
    this is required because all meta meta objects are bound to the base scope. **/

    o = c_metaObject(c_new(base->metaType[M_CLASS]));
    c_baseObject(o)->kind = M_CLASS;
    C_META_TYPEINIT_(o,c_base);
    base->metaType[M_BASE] = c_type(o);

    /* Overwrite as header->type points to type of metatype class
     * i.o. NULL  */
    c_header(base)->type = c_keep(o);

    /* c_module->scope init */
    c_module(base)->scope = c_scope(c_new(scopeType));
    c_scopeInit(c_module(base)->scope);

    /** Declare c_string type, this is required to be able to bind objects to names. **/
    o = c_metaObject(c_new(base->metaType[M_COLLECTION]));
    c_baseObject(o)->kind = M_COLLECTION;
    c_collectionType(o)->kind = OSPL_C_STRING;
    c_metaTypeInit(o,sizeof(c_string),C_ALIGNMENT(c_string));

    base->string_type = c_keep(o);
    found = c_metaBind(c_metaObject(base),"c_string",o);
    assert(found == o);
    c_free(found);
    c_free(o);

    o = c_metaObject(base->metaType[M_BASE]);
    found = c_metaBind(c_metaObject(base),"c_base",o);
    assert(found == o);
    c_free(found);

    o = c_metaObject(base->metaType[M_CLASS]);
    found = c_metaBind(c_metaObject(base),"c_class",o);
    assert(found == o);
    c_free(found);

    o = c_metaObject(base->metaType[M_COLLECTION]);
    found = c_metaBind(c_metaObject(base),"c_collectionType",o);
    assert(found == o);
    c_free(found);

    found = c_metaBind(c_metaObject(base),"c_scope",c_metaObject(scopeType));
    assert(found == c_metaObject(scopeType));
    c_free(found);

/** Now allocate, bind and pre-initialize all meta meta objects.
    pre-initialize will only set size and kind making the meta meta objects
    ready to be used for meta creation.
    At this point reflection will be unavailable until the meta meta objects
    are fully initialized. **/

    /* Initialize the interned empty string. Strings can now be allocated, so
     * even though in the baseInit no empty strings are used, initialisation
     * is needed here to guarantee the assertions of c_stringNew and
     * c_stringMalloc. */
    base->emptyString = c__stringMalloc(base, 1, FALSE);
    base->emptyString[0] = '\0';

#define _META_(b,t) c_object(c_newMetaClass(b,((const c_char *)#t),C_SIZEOF(t),C_ALIGNMENT_C_STRUCT(t)))

    /** Declare abstract meta types **/
    c_free(_META_(base,c_baseObject));
    c_free(_META_(base,c_operand));
    c_free(_META_(base,c_specifier));
    c_free(_META_(base,c_metaObject));

    base->baseCache.typeCache.c_property_t = _META_(base,c_property);
    base->baseCache.typeCache.c_type_t = _META_(base,c_type);

    /** At last set the subType of c_scope type. **/
    c_collectionType(scopeType)->subType = ResolveType(base,c_metaObject);
    c_free(scopeType); /* we can now free our local ref as we don't use it anymore */
    scopeType = NULL;

    /** Declare meta types **/
    base->metaType[M_LITERAL] =      _META_(base,c_literal);
    base->metaType[M_CONSTOPERAND] = _META_(base,c_constOperand);
    base->metaType[M_EXPRESSION] =   _META_(base,c_expression);
    base->metaType[M_PARAMETER] =    _META_(base,c_parameter);
    base->metaType[M_MEMBER] =       _META_(base,c_member);
    base->metaType[M_UNIONCASE] =    _META_(base,c_unionCase);
    base->metaType[M_ATTRIBUTE] =    _META_(base,c_attribute);
    base->metaType[M_RELATION] =     _META_(base,c_relation);
    base->metaType[M_MODULE] =       _META_(base,c_module);
    base->metaType[M_CONSTANT] =     _META_(base,c_constant);
    base->metaType[M_OPERATION] =    _META_(base,c_operation);
    base->metaType[M_TYPEDEF] =      _META_(base,c_typeDef);
    base->metaType[M_PRIMITIVE] =    _META_(base,c_primitive);
    base->metaType[M_ENUMERATION] =  _META_(base,c_enumeration);
    base->metaType[M_UNION] =        _META_(base,c_union);
    base->metaType[M_STRUCTURE] =    _META_(base,c_structure);
    base->metaType[M_EXCEPTION] =    _META_(base,c_exception);
    base->metaType[M_INTERFACE] =    _META_(base,c_interface);
    base->metaType[M_ANNOTATION] =   _META_(base,c_annotation);

    base->baseCache.typeCache.c_literal_t = base->metaType[M_LITERAL];
    base->baseCache.typeCache.c_member_t  = base->metaType[M_MEMBER];
    base->baseCache.typeCache.c_unionCase_t = base->metaType[M_UNIONCASE];
    base->baseCache.typeCache.c_constant_t = base->metaType[M_CONSTANT];

    c_free(base->metaType[M_LITERAL]);
    c_free(base->metaType[M_CONSTOPERAND]);
    c_free(base->metaType[M_EXPRESSION]);
    c_free(base->metaType[M_PARAMETER]);
    c_free(base->metaType[M_MEMBER]);
    c_free(base->metaType[M_UNIONCASE]);
    c_free(base->metaType[M_ATTRIBUTE]);
    c_free(base->metaType[M_RELATION]);
    c_free(base->metaType[M_MODULE]);
    c_free(base->metaType[M_CONSTANT]);
    c_free(base->metaType[M_OPERATION]);
    c_free(base->metaType[M_TYPEDEF]);
    c_free(base->metaType[M_PRIMITIVE]);
    c_free(base->metaType[M_ENUMERATION]);
    c_free(base->metaType[M_UNION]);
    c_free(base->metaType[M_STRUCTURE]);
    c_free(base->metaType[M_EXCEPTION]);
    c_free(base->metaType[M_INTERFACE]);
    c_free(base->metaType[M_ANNOTATION]);

#undef _META_

/** Now allocation of meta objects is operational.
    For initialization of the meta meta object we need to allocate the meta objects
    for all internal types. **/

    /** Definition of the meta objects specifying all internal primitive types. **/

#define INITPRIM(s,n,k) \
    o = c_metaDeclare(c_metaObject(s),#n,M_PRIMITIVE); \
    s->baseCache.typeCache.n##_t = c_type(o); \
    c_primitive(o)->kind = k; \
    c_metaFinalize(o); \
    c_free(o)

    INITPRIM(base,c_address,   P_ADDRESS);
    INITPRIM(base,c_bool,      P_BOOLEAN);
    INITPRIM(base,c_char,      P_CHAR);
    INITPRIM(base,c_wchar,     P_WCHAR);
    INITPRIM(base,c_octet,     P_OCTET);
    INITPRIM(base,c_short,     P_SHORT);
    INITPRIM(base,c_ushort,    P_USHORT);
    INITPRIM(base,c_long,      P_LONG);
    INITPRIM(base,c_ulong,     P_ULONG);
    INITPRIM(base,c_longlong,  P_LONGLONG);
    INITPRIM(base,c_ulonglong, P_ULONGLONG);
    INITPRIM(base,c_float,     P_FLOAT);
    INITPRIM(base,c_double,    P_DOUBLE);
    INITPRIM(base,c_voidp,     P_VOIDP);
    INITPRIM(base,c_mutex,     P_MUTEX);
    INITPRIM(base,c_lock,      P_LOCK);
    INITPRIM(base,c_cond,      P_COND);
    INITPRIM(base,pa_uint32_t, P_PA_UINT32);
    INITPRIM(base,pa_uintptr_t,P_PA_UINTPTR);
    INITPRIM(base,pa_voidp_t,  P_PA_VOIDP);

#undef INITPRIM

    o = c_metaDeclare(c_metaObject(base),"c_object",M_CLASS);
    base->baseCache.typeCache.c_object_t = c_type(o);
    c_metaFinalize(o);
    c_free(o);
    o = c_metaDeclare(c_metaObject(base),"c_any",M_CLASS);
    c_metaFinalize(o);
    c_free(o);

    c_collectionInit(base);

    base->baseCache.typeCache.c_string_t = ResolveType(base,c_string);;
    base->baseCache.typeCache.c_wstring_t = ResolveType(base,c_wstring);

#define _ENUMVAL_(e,v) \
    c_enumeration(e)->elements[v] = \
    c_metaDeclareEnumElement(c_metaObject(base),#v)

#define _ENUMVAL_PREFIX_(e,v) \
    c_enumeration(e)->elements[v] = \
    c_metaDeclareEnumElement(c_metaObject(base),#v + 5 /* OSPL_ prefix */)

    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_ENUMERATION);
    /* The following array of objects should be defined as array of c_constant.
     * This is not a problem and is intentional because of the side effect.
     * The side effect is that a type ARRAY<c_object> is created in the database.
     * This type will otherwise not be available but it is required for c_clone to work.
     */
    c_enumeration(o)->elements = c_arrayNew(c_object_t(base),M_COUNT);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_UNDEFINED);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_ANNOTATION);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_ATTRIBUTE);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_CLASS);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_COLLECTION);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_CONSTANT);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_CONSTOPERAND);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_ENUMERATION);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_EXCEPTION);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_EXPRESSION);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_INTERFACE);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_LITERAL);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_MEMBER);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_MODULE);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_OPERATION);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_PARAMETER);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_PRIMITIVE);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_RELATION);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_BASE);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_STRUCTURE);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_TYPEDEF);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_UNION);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,M_UNIONCASE);
    c_metaFinalize(o);
    c_metaBind(c_metaObject(base),"c_metaKind",o);
    c_free(o);

    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_ENUMERATION);
    c_enumeration(o)->elements = c_arrayNew(c_constant_t(base),OSPL_C_COUNT);
    _ENUMVAL_PREFIX_(o,OSPL_C_UNDEFINED);
    _ENUMVAL_PREFIX_(o,OSPL_C_LIST);
    _ENUMVAL_PREFIX_(o,OSPL_C_ARRAY);
    _ENUMVAL_PREFIX_(o,OSPL_C_BAG);
    _ENUMVAL_PREFIX_(o,OSPL_C_SET);
    _ENUMVAL_PREFIX_(o,OSPL_C_MAP);
    _ENUMVAL_PREFIX_(o,OSPL_C_DICTIONARY);
    _ENUMVAL_PREFIX_(o,OSPL_C_SEQUENCE);
    _ENUMVAL_PREFIX_(o,OSPL_C_STRING);
    _ENUMVAL_PREFIX_(o,OSPL_C_WSTRING);
    _ENUMVAL_PREFIX_(o,OSPL_C_QUERY);
    _ENUMVAL_PREFIX_(o,OSPL_C_SCOPE);
    c_metaFinalize(o);
    c_metaBind(c_metaObject(base),"c_collKind",o);
    c_free(o);

    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_ENUMERATION);
    c_enumeration(o)->elements = c_arrayNew(c_constant_t(base),P_COUNT);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_UNDEFINED);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_ADDRESS);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_BOOLEAN);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_CHAR);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_WCHAR);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_OCTET);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_SHORT);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_USHORT);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_LONG);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_ULONG);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_LONGLONG);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_ULONGLONG);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_FLOAT);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_DOUBLE);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_VOIDP);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_MUTEX);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_LOCK);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_COND);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_PA_UINT32);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_PA_UINTPTR);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,P_PA_VOIDP);
    c_metaFinalize(o);
    c_metaBind(c_metaObject(base),"c_primKind",o);
    c_free(o);

    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_ENUMERATION);
    c_enumeration(o)->elements = c_arrayNew(c_constant_t(base),E_COUNT);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,E_UNDEFINED);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,E_OR);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,E_XOR);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,E_AND);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,E_SHIFTRIGHT);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,E_SHIFTLEFT);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,E_PLUS);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,E_MINUS);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,E_MUL);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,E_DIV);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,E_MOD);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,E_NOT);
    c_metaFinalize(o);
    c_metaBind(c_metaObject(base),"c_exprKind",o);
    c_free(o);

    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_ENUMERATION);
    c_enumeration(o)->elements = c_arrayNew(c_constant_t(base),D_COUNT);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,D_UNDEFINED);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,D_IN);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,D_OUT);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,D_INOUT);
    c_metaFinalize(o);
    c_metaBind(c_metaObject(base),"c_direction",o);
    c_free(o);

    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_ENUMERATION);
    base->baseCache.typeCache.c_valueKind_t = c_type(o);
    c_enumeration(o)->elements = c_arrayNew(c_constant_t(base),V_COUNT);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,V_UNDEFINED);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,V_ADDRESS);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,V_BOOLEAN);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,V_OCTET);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,V_SHORT);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,V_LONG);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,V_LONGLONG);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,V_USHORT);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,V_ULONG);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,V_ULONGLONG);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,V_FLOAT);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,V_DOUBLE);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,V_CHAR);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,V_STRING);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,V_WCHAR);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,V_WSTRING);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,V_FIXED);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,V_OBJECT);
    _ENUMVAL_(o,V_VOIDP);
    c_metaFinalize(o);
    c_metaBind(c_metaObject(base),"c_valueKind",o);
    c_free(o);

#undef _ENUMVAL_
#undef _ENUMVAL_PREFIX_

    {
        C_ALIGNMENT_TYPE (c_threadId);
        o = c_metaDeclare (c_metaObject (base), "c_threadId", M_STRUCTURE);
        c_metaTypeInit (o, sizeof (c_threadId), C_ALIGNMENT (c_threadId));
        c_free (o);
    }

    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_STRUCTURE);
    members = c_arrayNew(c_member_t(base),2);
    members[0] = (c_voidp)c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_MEMBER);
        c_specifier(members[0])->name = c_stringNew(base,"seconds");
        c_specifier(members[0])->type = c_keep(c_long_t(base));
    members[1] = (c_voidp)c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_MEMBER);
        c_specifier(members[1])->name = c_stringNew(base,"nanoseconds");
        c_specifier(members[1])->type = c_keep(c_ulong_t(base));
    c_structure(o)->members = members;
    c_metaObject(o)->definedIn = c_metaObject(base);
    c_metaFinalize(o);
    found = c_metaBind(c_metaObject(base),"c_time",o);
    c_free(found);
    c_free(o);

    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_TYPEDEF);
    c_metaObject(o)->definedIn = c_metaObject(base);
    c_typeDef(o)->alias = c_keep(c_ulonglong_t(base));
    c_metaFinalize(o);
    found = c_metaBind(c_metaObject(base),"os_timeW",o);
    c_free(found);
    c_free(o);

    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_TYPEDEF);
    c_metaObject(o)->definedIn = c_metaObject(base);
    c_typeDef(o)->alias = c_keep(c_ulonglong_t(base));
    c_metaFinalize(o);
    found = c_metaBind(c_metaObject(base),"os_timeM",o);
    c_free(found);
    c_free(o);

    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_TYPEDEF);
    c_metaObject(o)->definedIn = c_metaObject(base);
    c_typeDef(o)->alias = c_keep(c_ulonglong_t(base));
    c_metaFinalize(o);
    found = c_metaBind(c_metaObject(base),"os_timeE",o);
    c_free(found);
    c_free(o);

    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_TYPEDEF);
    c_metaObject(o)->definedIn = c_metaObject(base);
    c_typeDef(o)->alias = c_keep(c_longlong_t(base));
    c_metaFinalize(o);
    found = c_metaBind(c_metaObject(base),"os_duration",o);
    c_free(found);
    c_free(o);

    o = c_metaDeclare(c_metaObject(base),"c_value",M_UNION);
    c_metaTypeInit(o,sizeof(struct c_value),C_ALIGNMENT(c_value));
    c_free(o);

    o = c_metaDeclare(c_metaObject(base),"c_annotation", M_CLASS);
    c_metaTypeInit(o,sizeof(struct c_annotation_s),C_ALIGNMENT_C_STRUCT(c_annotation));
    c_free(o);


/** Now all meta meta references required for initialization are available.
    The following statements will initialize all meta meta objects.
    After initialization reflection will be operational. **/

    /** Initialize abstract meta types **/

#define _INITCLASS_(s,c,p) \
    c_metaObject(initClass(ResolveType(s,c),ResolveType(s,p)))

#define C_META_FINALIZE_(o) \
        c_type(o)->alignment = 0; c__metaFinalize(o,FALSE)

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_baseObject,NULL);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_metaKind);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_baseObject,o,kind,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_operand,c_baseObject);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_specifier,c_baseObject);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_specifier,o,name,c_string_t(base));
        type = ResolveType(base,c_type);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_specifier,o,type,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_metaObject,c_baseObject);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_metaObject,o,name,c_string_t(base));
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_metaObject,o,definedIn,c_voidp_t(base));
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_property,c_metaObject);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_type);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_property,o,type,type);
        c_free(type);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_address);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_property,o,offset,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_type,c_metaObject);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_type,o,base,c_voidp_t(base));
        type = ResolveType(base,c_address);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_type,o,alignment,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_type,o,objectCount,c_long_t(base));
        type = ResolveType(base,c_address);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_type,o,size,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    /** Initialize meta types **/
    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_literal,c_operand);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_value);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_literal,o,value,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_constOperand,c_operand);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_constant);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_constOperand,o,constant,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_expression,c_operand);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_exprKind);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_expression,o,kind,type);
        c_free(type);
        type = c_type(c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_COLLECTION));
            c_metaObject(type)->name = c_stringNew(base,"ARRAY<c_operand>");
            c_collectionTypeKind(type) = OSPL_C_ARRAY;
            c_collectionTypeMaxSize(type) = 0;
            c_collectionTypeSubType(type) = ResolveType(base,c_operand);
            c_metaFinalize(c_metaObject(type));
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_expression,o,operands,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_parameter,c_specifier);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_direction);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_parameter,o,mode,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_member,c_specifier);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_address);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_member,o,offset,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_unionCase,c_specifier);
        type = c_type(c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_COLLECTION));
            c_metaObject(type)->name = c_stringNew(base,"ARRAY<c_literal>");
            c_collectionTypeKind(type) = OSPL_C_ARRAY;
            c_collectionTypeMaxSize(type) = 0;
            c_collectionTypeSubType(type) = ResolveType(base,c_literal);
            c_metaFinalize(c_metaObject(type));
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_unionCase,o,labels,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_attribute,c_property);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_attribute,o,isReadOnly,c_bool_t(base));
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_relation,c_property);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_relation,o,inverse,c_string_t(base));
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_module,c_metaObject);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_mutex);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_module,o,mtx,type);
        c_free(type);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_scope);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_module,o,scope,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_constant,c_metaObject);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_operand);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_constant,o,operand,type);
        c_free(type);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_type);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_constant,o,type,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_operation,c_metaObject);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_type);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_operation,o,result,type);
        c_free(type);
        type = c_type(c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_COLLECTION));
            c_metaObject(type)->name = c_stringNew(base,"ARRAY<c_parameter>");
            c_collectionTypeKind(type) = OSPL_C_ARRAY;
            c_collectionTypeMaxSize(type) = 0;
            c_collectionTypeSubType(type) = ResolveType(base,c_parameter);
            c_metaFinalize(c_metaObject(type));
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_operation,o,parameters,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_typeDef,c_type);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_type);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_typeDef,o,alias,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_collectionType,c_type);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_collKind);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_collectionType,o,kind,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_collectionType,o,maxSize,c_ulong_t(base));
        type = ResolveType(base,c_type);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_collectionType,o,subType,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_primitive,c_type);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_primKind);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_primitive,o,kind,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_enumeration,c_type);
        type = c_type(c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_COLLECTION));
            c_metaObject(type)->name = c_stringNew(base,"ARRAY<c_constant>");
            c_collectionTypeKind(type) = OSPL_C_ARRAY;
            c_collectionTypeMaxSize(type) = 0;
            c_collectionTypeSubType(type) = ResolveType(base,c_constant);
            c_metaFinalize(c_metaObject(type));
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_enumeration,o,elements,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_union,c_type);
        type = c_type(c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_COLLECTION));
            c_metaObject(type)->name = c_stringNew(base,"ARRAY<c_unionCase>");
            c_collectionTypeKind(type) = OSPL_C_ARRAY;
            c_collectionTypeMaxSize(type) = 0;
            c_collectionTypeSubType(type) = ResolveType(base,c_unionCase);
            c_metaFinalize(c_metaObject(type));
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_union,o,cases,type);
        c_free(type);
        type = c_type(c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_COLLECTION));
            c_metaObject(type)->name = c_stringNew(base,"ARRAY<c_unionCase>");
            c_collectionTypeKind(type) = OSPL_C_ARRAY;
            c_collectionTypeMaxSize(type) = 0;
            c_collectionTypeSubType(type) = ResolveType(base,c_unionCase);
            c_metaFinalize(c_metaObject(type));
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_union,o,references,type);
        c_free(type);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_scope);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_union,o,scope,type);
        c_free(type);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_type);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_union,o,switchType,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_structure,c_type);
        type = c_type(c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_COLLECTION));
            c_metaObject(type)->name = c_stringNew(base,"ARRAY<c_member>");
            c_collectionTypeKind(type) = OSPL_C_ARRAY;
            c_collectionTypeMaxSize(type) = 0;
            c_collectionTypeSubType(type) = ResolveType(base,c_member);
            c_metaFinalize(c_metaObject(type));
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_structure,o,members,type);
        c_free(type);
        type = c_type(c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_COLLECTION));
            c_metaObject(type)->name = c_stringNew(base,"ARRAY<c_member>");
            c_collectionTypeKind(type) = OSPL_C_ARRAY;
            c_collectionTypeMaxSize(type) = 0;
            c_collectionTypeSubType(type) = ResolveType(base,c_member);
            c_metaFinalize(c_metaObject(type));
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_structure,o,references,type);
        c_free(type);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_scope);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_structure,o,scope,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_exception,c_structure);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_interface,c_type);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_interface,o,abstract,c_bool_t(base));
        type = c_type(c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_COLLECTION));
            c_metaObject(type)->name = c_stringNew(base,"ARRAY<c_interface>");
            c_collectionTypeKind(type) = OSPL_C_ARRAY;
            c_collectionTypeMaxSize(type) = 0;
            c_collectionTypeSubType(type) = ResolveType(base,c_interface);
            c_metaFinalize(c_metaObject(type));
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_interface,o,inherits,type);
        c_free(type);
        type = c_type(c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_COLLECTION));
            c_metaObject(type)->name = c_stringNew(base,"ARRAY<c_property>");
            c_collectionTypeKind(type) = OSPL_C_ARRAY;
            c_collectionTypeMaxSize(type) = 0;
            c_collectionTypeSubType(type) = ResolveType(base,c_property);
            c_metaFinalize(c_metaObject(type));
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_interface,o,references,type);
        c_free(type);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_scope);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_interface,o,scope,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_class,c_interface);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_interface);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_class,o,extends,type);
        c_free(type);
        type = c_type(c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_COLLECTION));
            c_metaObject(type)->name = c_stringNew(base,"ARRAY<c_string>");
            c_collectionTypeKind(type) = OSPL_C_ARRAY;
            c_collectionTypeMaxSize(type) = 0;
            c_collectionTypeSubType(type) = ResolveType(base,c_string);
            c_metaFinalize(c_metaObject(type));
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_class,o,keys,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_annotation,c_interface);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_annotation);
        C_META_ATTRIBUTE_(c_annotation,o,extends,type);
        c_free(type);
        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);


/*---------------------------------------------------------------*/

    o = _INITCLASS_(base,c_base,c_module);

        C_META_FINALIZE_(o);
        c_free(o);

/*---------------------------------------------------------------*/

#undef _INITCLASS_

#define _SWITCH_TYPE_ c_enumeration(c_union(o)->switchType)

    o = c_metaDeclare(c_metaObject(base),"c_value",M_UNION);
        c_union(o)->switchType = ResolveType(base,c_valueKind);
        type = ResolveType(base,c_literal);
        c_union(o)->cases = c_arrayNew(type,18);
        c_free(type);
        c_free(c_union(o)->scope);
        c_union(o)->scope = NULL;

        caseNumber = 0;
        /* c_unionCaseNew transfers refCount of type and
         * c_enumValue(_SWITCH_TYPE_,"V_BOOLEAN")
         */
        labels = c_iterNew(c_enumValue(_SWITCH_TYPE_,"V_ADDRESS"));
        c_union(o)->cases[caseNumber++] = c_unionCaseNew(c_metaObject(base),
                                              "Address",c_address_t(base),labels);
        c_iterFree(labels);

        labels = c_iterNew(c_enumValue(_SWITCH_TYPE_,"V_BOOLEAN"));
        c_union(o)->cases[caseNumber++] = c_unionCaseNew(c_metaObject(base),
                                              "Boolean",c_bool_t(base),labels);
        c_iterFree(labels);

        labels = c_iterNew(c_enumValue(_SWITCH_TYPE_,"V_OCTET"));
        c_union(o)->cases[caseNumber++] = c_unionCaseNew(c_metaObject(base),
                                              "Octet",c_octet_t(base),labels);
        c_iterFree(labels);

        labels = c_iterNew(c_enumValue(_SWITCH_TYPE_,"V_SHORT"));
        c_union(o)->cases[caseNumber++] = c_unionCaseNew(c_metaObject(base),
                                              "Short",c_short_t(base),labels);
        c_iterFree(labels);

        labels = c_iterNew(c_enumValue(_SWITCH_TYPE_,"V_LONG"));
        c_union(o)->cases[caseNumber++] = c_unionCaseNew(c_metaObject(base),
                                              "Long",c_long_t(base),labels);
        c_iterFree(labels);

        labels = c_iterNew(c_enumValue(_SWITCH_TYPE_,"V_LONGLONG"));
        c_union(o)->cases[caseNumber++] = c_unionCaseNew(c_metaObject(base),
                                              "LongLong",c_longlong_t(base),labels);
        c_iterFree(labels);

        labels = c_iterNew(c_enumValue(_SWITCH_TYPE_,"V_USHORT"));
        c_union(o)->cases[caseNumber++] = c_unionCaseNew(c_metaObject(base),
                                              "UShort",c_ushort_t(base),labels);
        c_iterFree(labels);

        labels = c_iterNew(c_enumValue(_SWITCH_TYPE_,"V_ULONG"));
        c_union(o)->cases[caseNumber++] = c_unionCaseNew(c_metaObject(base),
                                              "ULong",c_ulong_t(base),labels);
        c_iterFree(labels);

        labels = c_iterNew(c_enumValue(_SWITCH_TYPE_,"V_ULONGLONG"));
        c_union(o)->cases[caseNumber++] = c_unionCaseNew(c_metaObject(base),
                                              "ULongLong",c_ulonglong_t(base),labels);
        c_iterFree(labels);

        labels = c_iterNew(c_enumValue(_SWITCH_TYPE_,"V_FLOAT"));
        c_union(o)->cases[caseNumber++] = c_unionCaseNew(c_metaObject(base),
                                              "Float",c_float_t(base),labels);
        c_iterFree(labels);

        labels = c_iterNew(c_enumValue(_SWITCH_TYPE_,"V_DOUBLE"));
        c_union(o)->cases[caseNumber++] = c_unionCaseNew(c_metaObject(base),
                                              "Double",c_double_t(base),labels);
        c_iterFree(labels);

        labels = c_iterNew(c_enumValue(_SWITCH_TYPE_,"V_CHAR"));
        c_union(o)->cases[caseNumber++] = c_unionCaseNew(c_metaObject(base),
                                               "Char",c_char_t(base),labels);
        c_iterFree(labels);

        labels = c_iterNew(c_enumValue(_SWITCH_TYPE_,"V_STRING"));
        c_union(o)->cases[caseNumber++] = c_unionCaseNew(c_metaObject(base),
                                               "String",c_string_t(base),labels);
        c_iterFree(labels);

        labels = c_iterNew(c_enumValue(_SWITCH_TYPE_,"V_WCHAR"));
        c_union(o)->cases[caseNumber++] = c_unionCaseNew(c_metaObject(base),
                                               "WChar",c_wchar_t(base),labels);
        c_iterFree(labels);

        labels = c_iterNew(c_enumValue(_SWITCH_TYPE_,"V_WSTRING"));
        c_union(o)->cases[caseNumber++] = c_unionCaseNew(c_metaObject(base),
                                               "WString",c_wstring_t(base),labels);
        c_iterFree(labels);

        labels = c_iterNew(c_enumValue(_SWITCH_TYPE_,"V_FIXED"));
        c_union(o)->cases[caseNumber++] = c_unionCaseNew(c_metaObject(base),
                                               "Fixed",c_string_t(base),labels);
        c_iterFree(labels);

        labels = c_iterNew(c_enumValue(_SWITCH_TYPE_,"V_OBJECT"));
        c_union(o)->cases[caseNumber++] = c_unionCaseNew(c_metaObject(base),
                                               "Object",c_object_t(base),labels);
        c_iterFree(labels);

        labels = c_iterNew(c_enumValue(_SWITCH_TYPE_,"V_VOIDP"));
        c_union(o)->cases[caseNumber++] = c_unionCaseNew(c_metaObject(base),
                                               "Voidp",c_voidp_t(base),labels);
        c_iterFree(labels);
        c_metaFinalize(o);
        c_free(o);

#undef _SWITCH_TYPE_

    /* ::<_ospl_internal> */
    _intern = c_metaDeclare(c_metaObject(base), "_ospl_internal", M_MODULE);

    /* Declare builtin-annotations
     *
     * Note: these builtin annotation objects are not yet finalized. There is currently
     * no need because creation of annotations won't be supported until version >=7.
     */

    /* ::ID */
    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(_intern), M_ANNOTATION);
    initAnnotation(o);
    found = c_metaDeclare(o, "value", M_ATTRIBUTE);
    c_property(found)->type = c_ulong_t(base);
    c_free(found);
    c_metaBind(c_metaObject(_intern), "ID", o);
    /*c_metaFinalize(o);*/
    c_free(o);

    /* ::Optional */
    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(_intern), M_ANNOTATION);
    initAnnotation(o);
    found = c_metaDeclare(o, "value", M_ATTRIBUTE);
    c_property(found)->type = c_bool_t(base);
    c_free(found);
    c_metaBind(c_metaObject(_intern), "optional", o);
    /*c_metaFinalize(o);*/
    c_free(o);

    /* ::Key */
    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(_intern), M_ANNOTATION);
    initAnnotation(o);
    found = c_metaDeclare(o, "value", M_ATTRIBUTE);
    c_property(found)->type = c_bool_t(base);
    c_free(found);
    c_metaBind(c_metaObject(_intern), "Key", o);
    /*c_metaFinalize(o);*/
    c_free(o);

    /* ::Shared */
    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(_intern), M_ANNOTATION);
    initAnnotation(o);
    found = c_metaDeclare(o, "value", M_ATTRIBUTE);
    c_property(found)->type = c_bool_t(base);
    c_free(found);
    c_metaBind(c_metaObject(_intern), "Shared", o);
    /*c_metaFinalize(o);*/
    c_free(o);

    /* ::BitBound */
    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(_intern), M_ANNOTATION);
    initAnnotation(o);
    found = c_metaDeclare(o, "value", M_ATTRIBUTE);
    c_property(found)->type = c_ushort_t(base);
    c_free(found);
    c_metaBind(c_metaObject(_intern), "BitBound", o);
    /*c_metaFinalize(o);*/
    c_free(o);

    /* ::Value */
    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(_intern), M_ANNOTATION);
    initAnnotation(o);
    found = c_metaDeclare(o, "value", M_ATTRIBUTE);
    c_property(found)->type = c_ulong_t(base);
    c_free(found);
    c_metaBind(c_metaObject(_intern), "Value", o);
    /*c_metaFinalize(o);*/
    c_free(o);

    /* ::BitSet */
    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(_intern), M_ANNOTATION);
    initAnnotation(o);
    c_metaBind(c_metaObject(_intern), "BitSet", o);
    /*c_metaFinalize(o);*/
    c_free(o);

    /* ::Nested */
    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(_intern), M_ANNOTATION);
    initAnnotation(o);
    found = c_metaDeclare(o, "value", M_ATTRIBUTE);
    c_property(found)->type = c_bool_t(base);
    c_free(found);
    c_metaBind(c_metaObject(_intern), "Nested", o);
    /*c_metaFinalize(o);*/
    c_free(o);

    temp = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base),M_ENUMERATION);
    c_enumeration(temp)->elements = c_arrayNew(c_constant_t(base),3);
    c_enumeration(temp)->elements[0] = c_metaDeclareEnumElement(c_metaObject(base),"FINAL_EXTENSIBILITY");
    c_enumeration(temp)->elements[1] = c_metaDeclareEnumElement(c_metaObject(base),"EXTENSIBLE_EXTENSIBILITY");
    c_enumeration(temp)->elements[2] = c_metaDeclareEnumElement(c_metaObject(base),"MUTABLE_EXTENSIBILITY");
    c_metaFinalize(temp);
    c_metaBind(c_metaObject(base), "ExtensibilityKind", temp);

    /* ::Extensibility */
    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(_intern), M_ANNOTATION);
    initAnnotation(o);
    found = c_metaDeclare(o, "value", M_ATTRIBUTE);
    /* Transfer refCount of temp here, so no c_free on it later. */
    c_property(found)->type = c_type(temp);
    c_free(found);
    c_metaBind(c_metaObject(_intern), "Extensibility", o);
    /*c_metaFinalize(o);*/
    c_free(o);

    /* ::MustUnderstand */
    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(_intern), M_ANNOTATION);
    initAnnotation(o);
    found = c_metaDeclare(o, "value", M_ATTRIBUTE);
    c_property(found)->type = c_bool_t(base);
    c_free(found);
    c_metaBind(c_metaObject(_intern), "MustUnderstand", o);
    /*c_metaFinalize(o);*/
    c_free(o);

    /* ::Verbatim */
    o = c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(_intern), M_ANNOTATION);
    initAnnotation(o);
    c_metaBind(c_metaObject(_intern), "Verbatim", o);

    found = c_metaObject(c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base), M_COLLECTION));
    c_collectionType(found)->kind = OSPL_C_STRING;
    c_collectionType(found)->subType = c_char_t(base);
    c_collectionType(found)->maxSize = 32;
    c_metaObject(found)->definedIn = c_metaObject(base);
    c_metaFinalize(found);
    temp = c_metaBind(c_metaObject(base), "C_STRING<32>", found);
    c_free(found);

    found = c_metaDeclare(o, "language", M_ATTRIBUTE);
    /* Transfer refCount of temp here, so no c_free on it later. */
    c_property(found)->type = c_type(temp);
    c_free(found);

    found = c_metaObject(c_metaDefine(c_metaObject(base), M_COLLECTION));
    c_collectionType(found)->kind = OSPL_C_STRING;
    c_collectionType(found)->subType = c_char_t(base);
    c_collectionType(found)->maxSize = 128;
    c_metaObject(found)->definedIn = c_metaObject(base);
    c_metaFinalize(found);
    temp = c_metaBind(c_metaObject(base), "C_STRING<128>", found);
    c_free(found);

    found = c_metaDeclare(o, "placement", M_ATTRIBUTE);
    /* Transfer refCount of temp here, so no c_free on it later. */
    c_property(found)->type = c_type(temp);
    c_free(found);

    found = c_metaDeclare(o, "text", M_ATTRIBUTE);
    c_property(found)->type = c_string_t(base);
    c_free(found);
    /*c_metaFinalize(o);*/
    c_free(o);

    c_fieldInit(base);
    c_querybaseInit(base);
}

c_base
c_create (
    const c_char *name,
    void *address,
    c_size size,
    c_size threshold)
{
    c_mm  mm;
    c_base base = NULL;
    c_base tempbase;
    c_header header;

    if ((size != 0) && (size < MIN_DB_SIZE)) {
        OS_REPORT(OS_ERROR,"c_base::c_create",0,
                    "Specified memory size (%"PA_PRIuSIZE") is too small to occupy a c_base instance,"
                    "required minimum size is %d bytes.",
                    size,MIN_DB_SIZE);
        return NULL;
    }
    mm = c_mmCreate(address,size, threshold);
    if (mm == NULL) {
        /* error is reported in c_mmCreate */
        return NULL;
    }
    header = (c_header)c_mmMalloc(mm, MEMSIZE(C_SIZEOF(c_base)));
    if (header) {
#ifndef NDEBUG
        header->confidence = CONFIDENCE;
#ifdef OBJECT_WALK
        header->nextObject = NULL;
        header->prevObject = NULL;
#endif
#endif
        pa_st32(&header->refCount, 1);
        header->type = NULL; /* Will be set in c_baseInit after bootstrapping */
        tempbase = (c_base)c_oid(header);
        base = (c_base)c_mmBind(mm, name, tempbase);
        if (base != tempbase) {
            OS_REPORT(OS_ERROR,
                        "c_base::c_create",0,
                        "Internal error, memory management seems corrupted.\n"
                        "             mm = 0x%"PA_PRIxADDR", name = %s,\n"
                        "             tempbase = 0x%"PA_PRIxADDR", base = 0x%"PA_PRIxADDR"",
                        (os_address)mm, name ? name : "(null)", (os_address)tempbase, (os_address)base);
            c_mmFree(mm, header);
            return NULL;
        }

        c_baseInit(base, mm);

        ospl_c_bind(base,"c_baseModule");

        q_parserInit();
    }
    return base;
}

void
c_destroy (
    c_base _this)
{
    c_mmDestroy (_this->mm);
}

void
c_detach (
    c_base _this)
{
    c_mmSuspend (_this->mm);
}

c_base
c_open (
    const c_char *name,
    void *address)
{
    c_base base;
    c_mm mm;
    c_size namelength;

    namelength = strlen(name);

    if (namelength == 0) {
        return c_create("HEAPDATABASE", NULL, 0, 0);
    }
    mm = c_mmCreate(address,0, 0);
    if (mm == NULL) {
        /* error is reported in c_mmCreate */
        return NULL;
    }
    base = (c_base)c_mmLookup(mm, name);
    if (base == NULL) {
        OS_REPORT(OS_ERROR,
                    "c_base::c_open",0,
                    "segment %s not found",name);
        return NULL;
    }

    if (base->confidence != CONFIDENCE) {
        OS_REPORT(OS_ERROR,
                    "c_base::c_open",0,
                    "confidence mismatch: %d <> %d",
                    base->confidence,CONFIDENCE);
        return NULL;
    }

    q_parserInit();

    return base;
}

c_object
ospl_c_bind (
    c_object object,
    const c_char *name)
{
    ut_avlIPath_t p;
    c_baseBinding binding;
    c_base base;

    base = c_header(object)->type->base;
    assert(base->confidence == CONFIDENCE);

    if ((binding = ut_avlLookupIPath (&c_base_bindings_td, &base->bindings, name, &p)) != NULL) {
        return binding->object;
    } else if ((binding = (c_baseBinding) c_mmMalloc (base->mm, sizeof (*binding))) == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    } else {
        binding->name = c_stringNew(base,name);
        binding->object = c_keep(object);
        ut_avlInsertIPath (&c_base_bindings_td, &base->bindings, binding, &p);
        return binding->object;
    }
}

c_object
c_unbind (
    c_base base,
    const c_char *name)
{
    ut_avlDPath_t p;
    c_baseBinding binding;
    assert(base->confidence == CONFIDENCE);
    if ((binding = ut_avlLookupDPath (&c_base_bindings_td, &base->bindings, name, &p)) == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    } else {
        c_object object = binding->object;
        ut_avlDeleteDPath (&c_base_bindings_td, &base->bindings, binding, &p);
        c_mmFree(base->mm, binding->name);
        c_mmFree(base->mm, binding);
        return object;
    }
}

c_object
c_lookup (
    c_base base,
    const c_char *name)
{
    c_baseBinding found;
    assert(base->confidence == CONFIDENCE);
    c_mutexLock(&base->bindLock);
    found = ut_avlLookup (&c_base_bindings_td, &base->bindings, name);
    c_mutexUnlock(&base->bindLock);
    if (found != NULL) {
        return c_keep(found->object);
    } else {
        return NULL;
    }
}

c_type
c_resolve (
    c_base base,
    const c_char *typeName)
{
    c_metaObject o;

    assert(base->confidence == CONFIDENCE);

    o = c_metaResolve(c_metaObject(base),typeName);
    if (c_objectIsType(c_baseObject(o))) {
        return c_type(o);
    }
    c_free(o);
    return NULL;
}

os_size_t
c_memsize (
    c_type type)
{
    return MEMSIZE(c_typeSize(type));
}

c_memoryThreshold
c_baseGetMemThresholdStatus(
    c_base _this)
{
    return c_mmbaseGetMemThresholdStatus(_this->mm);
}

c_bool
c_baseMakeMemReservation(
    c_base _this,
    os_address amount)
{
    if (amount != C_MM_RESERVATION_NO_CHECK) {
        return c_mmbaseMakeReservation(_this->mm, amount);
    }
    return TRUE;
}

void
c_baseReleaseMemReservation(
    c_base _this,
    os_address amount)
{
    if (amount != C_MM_RESERVATION_NO_CHECK) {
        c_mmbaseReleaseReservation(_this->mm, amount);
    }
}

static c_object
c__newCommon (
    c_type type,
    c_bool check)
{
    c_header header;
    c_object o;
    os_size_t size;
    os_uint32 traceType;

    assert(type);

    if (c_baseObjectKind (type) != M_COLLECTION) {
        size = type->size;
    } else {
#ifndef NDEBUG
        if (c_collectionTypeKind (type) == OSPL_C_ARRAY ||
            c_collectionTypeKind (type) == OSPL_C_SEQUENCE)
        {
            OS_REPORT(OS_ERROR,
                      "Database c_new",0,
                      "c_new cannot create OSPL_C_ARRAY nor OSPL_C_SEQUENCE, "
                      "use c_newArray or c_newSequence respectively");
            assert(0);
        }
#endif
        size = c_typeSize (type);
    }
    assert (size > 0);

    if (check) {
        header = (c_header) c_mmMallocThreshold (type->base->mm, MEMSIZE(size));
    } else {
        header = (c_header) c_mmMalloc (type->base->mm, MEMSIZE(size));
        if (!header) {
            abort();
        }
    }
    if (c_unlikely (header == NULL)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    traceType = (pa_ld32(&c_header(type)->refCount) & REFCOUNT_FLAG_TRACETYPE);
    pa_st32(&header->refCount, 1);
    if (traceType) {
        pa_or32(&header->refCount, REFCOUNT_FLAG_TRACE);
        c_mmTrackObject (type->base->mm, header, C_MMTRACKOBJECT_CODE_MIN + 2);
    }
#if TYPE_REFC_COUNTS_OBJECTS
    header->type = c_keep(type);
#else
    header->type = type;
#endif
    if (type->base->maintainObjectCount) {
        pa_inc32(&type->objectCount);
    }
#ifndef NDEBUG
    header->confidence = CONFIDENCE;
#ifdef OBJECT_WALK
    header->nextObject = NULL;
    c_header(type->base->lastObject)->nextObject = o;
    header->prevObject = type->base->lastObject;
    assert(type->base->firstObject != NULL);
    type->base->lastObject = o;
#endif
#endif

    o = c_oid (header);
    memset (o, 0, size);
#if CHECK_REF
    ACTUALTYPE(type,header->type);
    if (type && c_metaObject(type)->name) {
        if (strlen(c_metaObject(type)->name) == CHECK_REF_TYPE_LEN) {
            if (strncmp(c_metaObject(type)->name, CHECK_REF_TYPE, strlen(CHECK_REF_TYPE)) == 0) {
                UT_TRACE("\n\n============ New(%p) =============\n", o);
            }
        }
    }
#endif
    return o;
}

c_object
c_new (
    c_type type)
{
    return c__newCommon(type, FALSE);
}

c_object
c_new_s(
    c_type type)
{
    return c__newCommon(type, TRUE);
}

/*
 * Use the macro definitions c_newArray and c_newSequence instead, respectively
 * for creating an array or a sequence for legibility.
 */
static c_object
c__newBaseArrayObjectCommon (
    c_collectionType arrayType,
    c_ulong size,
    c_bool check)
{
    c_size allocSize;
    c_object o = NULL;

    assert(arrayType);
    assert(
        (c_collectionTypeKind(arrayType) == OSPL_C_ARRAY && size > 0)
        ||
        (c_collectionTypeKind(arrayType) == OSPL_C_SEQUENCE)
        );

    if ((c_collectionTypeKind(arrayType) == OSPL_C_ARRAY)
         || (c_collectionTypeKind(arrayType) == OSPL_C_SEQUENCE)) {
        if (    (c_collectionTypeKind(arrayType) == OSPL_C_ARRAY && size > 0)
                ||
                (c_collectionTypeKind(arrayType) == OSPL_C_SEQUENCE) ) {
            c_arrayHeader hdr;
            c_header header;
            c_base base;
            c_type subType;

            subType = c_collectionTypeSubType(arrayType);

            switch(c_baseObjectKind(subType)) {
            case M_INTERFACE:
            case M_CLASS:
            case M_ANNOTATION:
                allocSize = size * sizeof(void *);
            break;
            default:
                if (subType->size == 0) {
                    subType->size = sizeof(void *);
                }
                allocSize = size * subType->size;
            break;
            }

            base = c_type(arrayType)->base;
            if (check) {
                hdr = (c_arrayHeader)c_mmMallocThreshold(base->mm, ARRAYMEMSIZE(allocSize));
            } else {
                hdr = (c_arrayHeader)c_mmMalloc(base->mm, ARRAYMEMSIZE(allocSize));
                if (!hdr) {
                    abort();
                }
            }

            if (hdr) {
                os_uint32 traceType;

                hdr->size = size;
                header = (c_header)&hdr->_parent;

                traceType = (pa_ld32(&c_header(arrayType)->refCount) & REFCOUNT_FLAG_TRACETYPE);
                pa_st32(&header->refCount, 1);
                if (traceType) {
                    pa_or32(&header->refCount, REFCOUNT_FLAG_TRACE);
                    c_mmTrackObject (base->mm, header, C_MMTRACKOBJECT_CODE_MIN + 2);
                }
                /* Keep reference to our type */
#if TYPE_REFC_COUNTS_OBJECTS
                header->type = c_keep(c_type(arrayType));
#else
                header->type = c_type(arrayType);
#endif
                if (base->maintainObjectCount) {
                    pa_inc32(&header->type->objectCount);
                }

                o = c_oid(header);

                /*
                 * When an array is freed via c_free, it also checks whether it contains
                 * references and if they need to be freed. If the user did not fill the whole array
                 * a c_free on garbage data could be performed, which causes undefined behaviour.
                 * Therefore the whole array is set on 0.
                 */
                memset(o, 0, allocSize);

#ifndef NDEBUG
                header->confidence = CONFIDENCE;
#ifdef OBJECT_WALK
                header->nextObject = NULL;
                c_header(arrayType->base->lastObject)->nextObject = o;
                header->prevObject = arrayType->base->lastObject;
                assert(arrayType->base->firstObject != NULL);
                arrayType->base->lastObject = o;
#endif
#endif
            }
        } else {
            OS_REPORT(OS_ERROR,
                        "Database c_newBaseArrayObject",0,
                        "Illegal size %d specified", size);
        }
    } else {
        OS_REPORT(OS_ERROR,
                  "Database c_newBaseArrayObject",0,
                  "Specified type is not an array nor a sequence");
    }
    return o;
}

c_object
c_newBaseArrayObject (
    c_collectionType arrayType,
    c_ulong size)
{
    return c__newBaseArrayObjectCommon(arrayType, size, FALSE);
}


c_object
c_newBaseArrayObject_s (
    c_collectionType arrayType,
    c_ulong size)
{
    return c__newBaseArrayObjectCommon(arrayType, size, TRUE);
}

c_object
c_mem2object(
    c_voidp mem,
    c_type type)
{
    c_object o;
    c_type t;
    C_STRUCT(c_header) *header = (C_STRUCT(c_header) *)mem;

    pa_st32(&header->refCount, 1);
    header->type = c_keep(type);

    o = c_oid(header);
    ACTUALTYPE(t, type);
    memset(o,0,c_typeSize(t));

#ifndef NDEBUG
    header->confidence = CONFIDENCE;
#ifdef OBJECT_WALK
    header->nextObject = NULL;
    c_header(t->base->lastObject)->nextObject = o;
    header->prevObject = t->base->lastObject;
    assert(t->base->firstObject != NULL);
    t->base->lastObject = o;
#endif
#endif
    return o;
}

c_voidp
c_object2mem (
    c_object object)
{
    c_header header;

    if (object == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    header = c_header(object);
    assert((pa_ld32(&header->refCount) & REFCOUNT_MASK) == 0);
#ifndef NDEBUG
    assert(header->confidence == CONFIDENCE);
#endif

    return header;
}

#ifndef NDEBUG
void
c__assertValidDatabaseObject(
    c_voidp o)
{
    assert(o);
    assert(c_header(o)->confidence == CONFIDENCE);
    assert((pa_ld32(&c_header(o)->refCount) & REFCOUNT_MASK) > 0);
}
#endif

static c_bool _c_freeReferences(c_metaObject metaObject, c_object o);
#define c_freeReferences(m,o) ((m && o)? _c_freeReferences(m,o):TRUE)
#define freeReference(p,t) (p?_freeReference(p,t):TRUE)

static c_bool
_freeReference (
    c_voidp *p,
    c_type type)
{
    c_type t = type;

    assert(p);
    assert(t);

    while (c_baseObject(t)->kind == M_TYPEDEF) {
        t = c_typeDef(t)->alias;
    }
    switch (c_baseObject(t)->kind) {
    case M_CLASS:
    case M_INTERFACE:
    case M_ANNOTATION:
        c_free(c_object(*p));
    break;
    case M_BASE:
    case M_COLLECTION:
        if ((c_collectionType(t)->kind == OSPL_C_ARRAY) &&
            (c_collectionType(t)->maxSize != 0)) {
            c_freeReferences(c_metaObject(t), p);
        } else {
            c_free(c_object(*p));
        }
    break;
    case M_EXCEPTION:
    case M_STRUCTURE:
    case M_UNION:
        c_freeReferences(c_metaObject(type),p);
    break;
    case M_PRIMITIVE:
        switch (c_primitive(t)->kind) {
        case P_MUTEX:
            c_mutexDestroy((c_mutex *)p);
        break;
        case P_LOCK:
            c_lockDestroy((c_lock *)p);
        break;
        case P_COND:
            c_condDestroy((c_cond *)p);
        break;
        default:
        break;
        }
    break;
    default:
        OS_REPORT(OS_ERROR,
                  "freeReference",0,
                  "illegal object detected");
        assert(FALSE);
        return FALSE;
    }
    return TRUE;
}

static c_bool
_c_freeReferences (
    c_metaObject metaObject,
    c_object o)
{
    c_type type;
    c_class cls;
    c_array references, labels, ar;
    c_property property;
    c_member member;
    c_ulong i,j,length;
    c_size size;
    c_ulong nrOfRefs,nrOfLabs;
    c_value v;

    assert(metaObject);
    assert(o);

    switch (c_baseObject(metaObject)->kind) {
    case M_CLASS:
        /* Check if type is an enumeration and in that case set the type of its enum constant to NULL.
         * This is because the existing cyclic reference between enumeration and its constant are
         * deliberately not ref counted otherwise the enumeration would be kept alive forever.
         * Now we need to correct this otherwise freeing the constants will decrease the refcount
         * of the enumeration type below zero.
         * This solution will not win the beauty contest, a better solution would be to implement a
         * c_enumConstant instead of using c_constant but that is considerably more work to implement.
         */
        if (metaObject == c_metaObject(c_type(metaObject)->base->metaType[M_ENUMERATION])) {
            c_array elements = ((c_enumeration)o)->elements;
            length = c_arraySize(elements);
            for (i=0; i<length; i++) {
                c_constant(elements[i])->type = NULL;
            }
        }
        cls = c_class(metaObject);
        while (cls) {
            length = c_arraySize(c_interface(cls)->references);
            for (i=0;i<length;i++) {
                property = c_property(c_interface(cls)->references[i]);
                type = property->type;
                freeReference(C_DISPLACE(o,property->offset),type);
            }
            cls = cls->extends;
        }
    break;
    case M_INTERFACE:
    case M_ANNOTATION:
        length = c_arraySize(c_interface(metaObject)->references);
        for (i=0;i<length;i++) {
            property = c_property(c_interface(metaObject)->references[i]);
            type = property->type;
            freeReference(C_DISPLACE(o,property->offset),type);
        }
    break;
    case M_EXCEPTION:
    case M_STRUCTURE:
        length = c_arraySize(c_structure(metaObject)->references);
        for (i=0;i<length;i++) {
            member = c_member(c_structure(metaObject)->references[i]);
            type = c_specifier(member)->type;
            freeReference(C_DISPLACE(o,member->offset),type);
        }
    break;
    case M_UNION:
#define _CASE_(k,t) case k: v = t##Value(*((t *)o)); break
        switch (c_metaValueKind(c_metaObject(c_union(metaObject)->switchType))) {
        _CASE_(V_BOOLEAN,   c_bool);
        _CASE_(V_OCTET,     c_octet);
        _CASE_(V_SHORT,     c_short);
        _CASE_(V_LONG,      c_long);
        _CASE_(V_LONGLONG,  c_longlong);
        _CASE_(V_USHORT,    c_ushort);
        _CASE_(V_ULONG,     c_ulong);
        _CASE_(V_ULONGLONG, c_ulonglong);
        _CASE_(V_CHAR,      c_char);
        _CASE_(V_WCHAR,     c_wchar);
        default:
            OS_REPORT(OS_ERROR,
                      "c_freeReferences",0,
                      "illegal union switch type detected");
            assert(FALSE);
            return FALSE;
        }
#undef _CASE_
        references = c_union(metaObject)->references;
        if (references != NULL) {
            i=0; type=NULL;
            nrOfRefs = c_arraySize(references);
            while ((i<nrOfRefs) && (type == NULL)) {
                labels = c_unionCase(references[i])->labels;
                j=0;
                nrOfLabs = c_arraySize(labels);
                while ((j<nrOfLabs) && (type == NULL)) {
                    if (c_valueCompare(v,c_literal(labels[j])->value) == C_EQ) {
                        c_freeReferences(c_metaObject(references[i]),
                                         C_DISPLACE(o,c_type(metaObject)->alignment));
                        type = c_specifier(references[i])->type;
                    }
                    j++;
                }
                i++;
            }
        }
    break;
    case M_COLLECTION:
        switch (c_collectionType(metaObject)->kind) {
        case OSPL_C_ARRAY:
        case OSPL_C_SEQUENCE:
            ACTUALTYPE(type,c_collectionType(metaObject)->subType);
            ar = (c_array)o;

            if(c_collectionType(metaObject)->kind == OSPL_C_ARRAY
                && c_collectionType(metaObject)->maxSize > 0){
                length = c_collectionType(metaObject)->maxSize;
            } else {
                length = c_arraySize(ar);
            }

            if (c_typeIsRef(type)) {
                for (i=0;i<length;i++) {
                    c_free(ar[i]);
                }
            } else {
                if (c_typeHasRef(type)) {
                    size = type->size;
                    for (i=0;i<length;i++) {
                        freeReference(C_DISPLACE(ar,(i*size)),type);
                    }
                }
            }
        break;
        case OSPL_C_SCOPE:
            c_scopeDeinit(c_scope(o));
        break;
        default:
            c_clear(o);
        break;
        }
    break;
    case M_BASE:
    break;
    case M_TYPEDEF:
        c_freeReferences(c_metaObject(c_typeDef(metaObject)->alias),o);
    break;
    case M_ATTRIBUTE:
    case M_RELATION:
        ACTUALTYPE(type,c_property(metaObject)->type);
        freeReference(C_DISPLACE(o,c_property(metaObject)->offset),type);
    break;
    case M_MEMBER:
        ACTUALTYPE(type,c_specifier(metaObject)->type);
        freeReference(C_DISPLACE(o,c_member(metaObject)->offset),type);
    break;
    case M_UNIONCASE:
        ACTUALTYPE(type,c_specifier(metaObject)->type);
        freeReference(o,type);
    break;
    case M_MODULE:
        c_free(c_module(o)->scope);
    break;
    case M_PRIMITIVE:
        /* Do nothing */
    break;
    default:
        OS_REPORT(OS_ERROR,
                  "c_freeReferences",0,
                  "illegal meta object specified");
        assert(FALSE);
        return FALSE;
    }
    return TRUE;
}

#ifndef NDEBUG
/*
 * Function used in OS_REPORT in c_free
 */
static const c_char *
metaKindImage (
    c_metaKind kind)
{
#define _CASE_(o) case o: return #o
    switch (kind) {
    _CASE_(M_UNDEFINED);
    _CASE_(M_ANNOTATION);
    _CASE_(M_ATTRIBUTE);
    _CASE_(M_CLASS);
    _CASE_(M_COLLECTION);
    _CASE_(M_CONSTANT);
    _CASE_(M_CONSTOPERAND);
    _CASE_(M_ENUMERATION);
    _CASE_(M_EXCEPTION);
    _CASE_(M_EXPRESSION);
    _CASE_(M_INTERFACE);
    _CASE_(M_LITERAL);
    _CASE_(M_MEMBER);
    _CASE_(M_MODULE);
    _CASE_(M_OPERATION);
    _CASE_(M_PARAMETER);
    _CASE_(M_PRIMITIVE);
    _CASE_(M_RELATION);
    _CASE_(M_BASE);
    _CASE_(M_STRUCTURE);
    _CASE_(M_TYPEDEF);
    _CASE_(M_UNION);
    _CASE_(M_UNIONCASE);
    _CASE_(M_COUNT);
    default:
        return "Unknown metaKind specified";
            }
#undef _CASE_
}
#endif

void
c_free (
    c_object object)
{
    c_header header;
    c_type type, headerType;
    os_uint32 safeCount;
#if CHECK_REF
    c_bool matchesRefRequest = FALSE;
#endif
    if (object == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    header = c_header (object);

#ifndef NDEBUG
    assert(header->confidence == CONFIDENCE);
    if ((pa_ld32(&header->refCount) & REFCOUNT_MASK) == 0) {
#if CHECK_REF
        UT_TRACE("\n\n===========Free(%p) already freed =======\n", object);
#endif
        OS_REPORT(OS_ERROR,
                    "Database",0,
                    "Object (%p) of type '%s', kind '%s' already deleted",
                    object,
                    c_metaName(c_metaObject(header->type)),
                    metaKindImage(c_baseObject(header->type)->kind));
        assert(0);
    }
#endif /* NDEBUG */

#if CHECK_REF
    /* Take a local pointer, since header->type pointer will be deleted */
    headerType = header->type;
    ACTUALTYPE(type,headerType);
    if (type && c_metaObject(type)->name) {
      if (strlen(c_metaObject(type)->name) >= CHECK_REF_TYPE_LEN) {
        if (strncmp(c_metaObject(type)->name, CHECK_REF_TYPE, strlen(CHECK_REF_TYPE)) == 0) {
            matchesRefRequest = TRUE;
        }
      }
    }
#endif

    safeCount = pa_dec32_nv(&header->refCount);
    if ((safeCount & REFCOUNT_MASK) != 0)
    {
        if (safeCount & REFCOUNT_FLAG_TRACE) {
            c_type headerType = header->type, type;
            void *block;
            ACTUALTYPE (type, headerType);
            if ((c_baseObjectKind (type) == M_COLLECTION) && ((c_collectionTypeKind (type) == OSPL_C_ARRAY) || (c_collectionTypeKind (type) == OSPL_C_SEQUENCE))) {
                block = c_arrayHeader (object);
            } else {
                block = header;
            }
            c_mmTrackObject (type->base->mm, block, C_MMTRACKOBJECT_CODE_MIN + 1);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        c_base base;

        /* Take a local pointer, since header->type pointer will be deleted */
#if ! CHECK_REF
        headerType = header->type;
        ACTUALTYPE(type,headerType);
#endif

        base = type->base;
        if (!(safeCount & REFCOUNT_FLAG_ATOMIC)) {
            c_freeReferences(c_metaObject(type),object);
        }
#ifndef NDEBUG
#ifdef OBJECT_WALK
        {
            c_object *prevNext;
            c_object *nextPrev;

            if (header->prevObject != NULL) {
                prevNext = &c_header(header->prevObject)->nextObject;
            } else {
                prevNext = &type->base->firstObject;
            }
            if (header->nextObject != NULL) {
                nextPrev = &c_header(header->nextObject)->prevObject;
            } else {
                nextPrev = &type->base->lastObject;
            }
            *prevNext = header->nextObject;
            *nextPrev = header->prevObject;
        }
#endif
#endif

        if ((c_baseObjectKind(type) == M_COLLECTION) &&
            ((c_collectionTypeKind(type) == OSPL_C_ARRAY) ||
             (c_collectionTypeKind(type) == OSPL_C_SEQUENCE))) {
            c_arrayHeader hdr;

            hdr = c_arrayHeader(object);
#ifdef OSPL_STRICT_MEM
            {
                c_long size;
                size = c_arraySize(object);
                memset(hdr,0xff,ARRAYMEMSIZE(size));
            }
#endif
            if (safeCount & REFCOUNT_FLAG_TRACE) {
                c_mmTrackObject (base->mm, hdr, C_MMTRACKOBJECT_CODE_MIN + 3);
            }
            c_mmFree(base->mm, hdr);
        } else {
#ifdef OSPL_STRICT_MEM
            {
                /* Only when OSPL_STRICT_MEM has been set so that we can abort on the detection of illegal usage
                   of a deleted mutex or conditon, without blocking the calling thread indefinitely */
                c_long size;
                size = c_typeSize(type);
                memset(header,0xff,MEMSIZE(size));
            }
#endif
            if (safeCount & REFCOUNT_FLAG_TRACE) {
                c_mmTrackObject (base->mm, header, C_MMTRACKOBJECT_CODE_MIN + 3);
            }
            c_mmFree(base->mm, header);
        }
        /* Do not use type, as it refers to an actual type, while
         * we incremented the header->type.
         */
        if (base->maintainObjectCount) {
            /* Since no special actions need to be performed on going to 0, the
             * return-value of the decrement isn't needed. */
            (void) pa_dec32_nv(&headerType->objectCount);
        }
#if TYPE_REFC_COUNTS_OBJECTS
        c_free(headerType); /* free the header->type */
#endif
    }

#if CHECK_REF
    if(matchesRefRequest)
    {
          UT_TRACE("\n\n============ Free(%p): %d -> %d =============\n",
                   object, (safeCount & REFCOUNT_MASK)+1, safeCount & REFCOUNT_MASK);

    }
#endif
}

c_object
c_keep (
    c_object object)
{
    c_header header;
    os_uint32 oldCount;

    if (object == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    header = c_header(object);
    assert(header->confidence == CONFIDENCE);
#if CHECK_REF
    if (header->type) {
        c_type type;
        ACTUALTYPE(type,header->type);
        if (type && c_metaObject(type)->name) {
            if (strlen(c_metaObject(type)->name) >= CHECK_REF_TYPE_LEN) {
                if (strncmp(c_metaObject(type)->name, CHECK_REF_TYPE, CHECK_REF_TYPE_LEN) == 0) {
                    os_uint32 refc = pa_ld32(&header->refCount) & REFCOUNT_MASK;
                    UT_TRACE("\n\n============ Keep(%p): %d -> %d =============\n", object, refc, refc+1);
                }
            }
        }
    }
#endif
    oldCount = pa_ld32(&header->refCount);
    assert((oldCount & REFCOUNT_MASK) > 0);
    pa_inc32(&header->refCount); /* FIXME: should add pa_inc32_ov and use it here */
    if (oldCount & REFCOUNT_FLAG_TRACE) {
        c_type headerType = header->type, type;
        void *block;
        ACTUALTYPE (type, headerType);
        if ((c_baseObjectKind (type) == M_COLLECTION) && ((c_collectionTypeKind (type) == OSPL_C_ARRAY) || (c_collectionTypeKind (type) == OSPL_C_SEQUENCE))) {
            block = c_arrayHeader (object);
        } else {
            block = header;
        }
        c_mmTrackObject (type->base->mm, block, C_MMTRACKOBJECT_CODE_MIN + 0);
    }

    return object;
}

void
c_baseTraceObject (
    c_object object)
{
    c_header header;
    if (object != NULL) {
        header = c_header(object);
        assert(header->confidence == CONFIDENCE);
        pa_or32(&header->refCount, REFCOUNT_FLAG_TRACE);
    }
}

void
c_baseTraceObjectsOfType (
    c_type type)
{
    c_header header;
    assert(c_instanceOf(type, "c_type"));
    header = c_header(type);
    assert(header->confidence == CONFIDENCE);
    pa_or32(&header->refCount, REFCOUNT_FLAG_TRACETYPE);
}

c_mm
c_baseMM(
    c_base base)
{
    if (base == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return base->mm;
}

c_type
c_getType(
    c_object object)
{
    c_type type;
    if (object == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    type = c_header(object)->type;
    return type;
}

c_base
c_getBase(
    c_object object)
{
    if (object == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return c_header(object)->type->base;
}

c_long
c_refCount (
    c_object object)
{
    if (object == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }
    return (c_long) (pa_ld32(&c_header(object)->refCount) & REFCOUNT_MASK);
}

void
c_baseSerLock(
    c_base base)
{
    c_mutexLock(&base->serLock);
}

void
c_baseSerUnlock(
    c_base base)
{
    c_mutexUnlock(&base->serLock);
}

c_ulong
c_arraySize(
    c_array _this)
{
    if (_this) {
        assert(c_header(_this)->confidence == CONFIDENCE);
        assert(
            /* For backward compatibility purposes this function can still be used
             * to obtain the length of sequences as well, but new code should use
             * the c_sequenceSize operation instead.
             */
            (c_baseObjectKind(c_header(_this)->type) == M_COLLECTION)
            && (
                    (c_collectionTypeKind(c_header(_this)->type) == OSPL_C_ARRAY)
                    || (c_collectionTypeKind(c_header(_this)->type) == OSPL_C_SEQUENCE)
               )
            );
        return (c_ulong)(c_arrayHeader(_this)->size);
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
}

c_ulong
c_sequenceSize(
    c_sequence _this)
{
    if (_this) {
        assert(c_header(_this)->confidence == CONFIDENCE);
        assert(c_baseObjectKind(c_header(_this)->type) == M_COLLECTION &&
                c_collectionTypeKind(c_header(_this)->type) == OSPL_C_SEQUENCE);
        return (c_ulong)(c_arrayHeader(_this)->size);
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
}

c_object
c_baseCheckPtr(
    c_base _this,
    void *ptr)
{
    c_object o;
    c_type type;
    c_arrayHeader hdr;
    c_header header;
    c_voidp addr;
    c_mm mm;

    o = NULL;
    if (_this != NULL) {
        mm = c_baseMM(_this);
        if (mm != NULL) {
            /* First assume that the address refers to an array object.
             * Note that not the array headre size is substracted but
             * the header size instead. This is not correct but is
             * compensated by shifting the address at the end of the loop.
             * Fixing this issue requires a partial redesign of this
             * operation.
             */
            hdr = c_mmCheckPtr(c_baseMM(_this), c_header(ptr));
            while ((hdr != NULL) && (o == NULL)) {
                /* Check if header->type refers to valid type. */
                header = &hdr->_parent;
                addr = c_mmCheckPtr(c_baseMM(_this), c_header(header->type));
                if (addr != NULL) {
                    type = c_oid(addr);
                    if ((type == NULL) ||
                        (type->base != _this) ||
                        (!c_objectIsType(c_baseObject(type))))
                    {
                        /* Invalid array hdr, so try if it is a normal header. */
                        header = (c_header)hdr;
                        addr = c_mmCheckPtr(c_baseMM(_this), c_header(header->type));
                        if (addr != NULL) {
                            type = c_oid(addr);
                            if ((type != NULL) &&
                                (type->base == _this) &&
                                (c_objectIsType(c_baseObject(type))))
                            {
                                /* We have a valid address! */
                                o = c_oid(header);
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        /* We have a valid address! */
                        o = c_oid(header);
                    }
                } else {
                    /* Invalid array hdr, so try if it is a normal header. */
                    header = (c_header)hdr;
                    addr = c_mmCheckPtr(c_baseMM(_this), c_header(header->type));
                    if (addr != NULL) {
                        type = c_oid(addr);
                        if ((type != NULL) &&
                            (type->base == _this) &&
                            (c_objectIsType(c_baseObject(type))))
                        {
                            /* We have a valid address! */
                            o = c_oid(header);
                        }
                    }
                }
                hdr = (c_arrayHeader)(C_ADDRESS(hdr) - 4);
            }
        } else {
            OS_REPORT(OS_ERROR,"c_baseCheckPtr", 0,
                        "Could not resolve Memory Manager for Database (0x%"PA_PRIxADDR")",
                        (os_address)_this);
        }
    } else {
        OS_REPORT(OS_ERROR,"c_baseCheckPtr", 0,
                  "Bad Parameter: Database = NULL");
    }
    return o;
}

#ifndef NDEBUG
#ifdef OBJECT_WALK
void
c_baseObjectWalk(
    c_base base,
    c_baseWalkAction action,
    c_baseWalkActionArg arg)
{
    c_object object;

    assert(base != NULL);
    assert(action != NULL);

    object = base->firstObject;
    while (object != NULL) {
        action(object, arg);
        object = c_header(object)->nextObject;
    }
}
#endif
#endif
#undef ResolveType
